Macbeth Essay

In Act 2 Scene 2, Lines 1 to 13 of Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth†, Shakespeare questions the reader about who in truth is controlling Macbeth, Lady Macbeth or himself. Shakespeare also makes us ponder if Lady Macbeth has a healthy ambition, that she herself controls, or if her ambition is controlling her. The three main themes of Evil, Ambition, and Macbeth-The Victim of Manipulation are heightened through the use of Positive and Negative Sleep Motifs, expressed in a negative context. Also found in this selection are examples of Negative Diction, Religious Symbolism, and Animal Imagery which all develop the reader’s understanding of death, and develop the three key themes that circulate around the idea of death. Contrast is used to express the difference in power and confidence between Lady Macbeth and King Duncan’s attendants, and also to distinguish life and death, in the case of the attendants. Punctuation is used very effectively. Through the use of punctuation, one can visualize the emotions of Lady Macbeth. During the first few lines, each line is its own individual sentence, which ends in a period or colon. Simply by looking at the punctuation one can see that she is calm. Near the end of these lines, Lady Macbeth uses many commas, caesuras, and enjambments, she is out of order. Here one can sense just how nervous and frightened Lady Macbeth is. The final key device used in these lines is Foreshadowing. It gives the reader a glance at what will come out of Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s decision to kill Duncan through the archetype of â€Å"fire†, which appears in line 2. Fire symbolizes light and warmth, yet at the same time symbolizes chaos and destruction. This can be related to their decision which will either make them or break them. Found throughout this passage are many literary devices, all of which are significant. However the most significant devices are Negative Diction, Religious Symbolism, and Sleep Motif. Religious Symbolism is immensely important in shaping Lady Macbeth’s character and sculpting the recurring themes, yet does not appear nearly as much as Negative Diction and Sleep Motif. One can find Lady Macbeth say â€Å"The doors are open†, Here she is literally talking about the doors to Duncan’s chamber, however one can interpret these doors as the doors of death. The doors are open for Duncan to walk through. This line can be related to Alexander Grahame Bell’s famous quote â€Å"As one door closes, another door opens. † Both Lady Macbeth’s and Mr. Bell’s quotes relate to death in a way; the door of life closes, and the door of death opens, waiting for us to walk through. Another example of Religious Symbolism is found in the lines â€Å"That death and nature do contend about them // Whether they live or die. This is symbolic of God and the Devil having a battle for the lives of the attendants, and later dueling for them to either be rewarded in Heaven or condemned to Hell. The image of God and the Devil gambling for the souls of the dead is expressed in the song â€Å"Spanish Train† by Chris De Burgh. This song has a similar religious meaning, as in both one can see a battle going on between God and the Devil for minor pawns or as one likes to say, humans. Another device, Sleep Motif, is used throughout these lines to portray the idea of sleep. In this piece one can find two main ideas: death and sleep. These two ideas are interconnected by a Religious meaning. One can see just how cleverly William Shakespeare uses the two devices of religious symbolism and sleep motif. Without one, the other, would not be as important. These two tools work hand in hand to develop the character of Lady Macbeth and the several themes throughout the play. Most of these sleep-orbiting words can be divided into three categories. The first category being what one usually consider sleep as, what we do each night in order to rest our body for the new day. This category can be referred to as the conscious form of sleep. Words that fall under this category are â€Å"good-night†, â€Å"snores†, â€Å"slept†, and â€Å"awaked†. These terms are the most positive sleep revolving words found in these lines. The next form of sleep is the sub-conscience form of sleep. This form of sleep is commonly known as â€Å"drunk† or â€Å"intoxicated†, and is usually found quite discouraging. â€Å"Drunk†, â€Å"Surfeited†, â€Å"Drugg’d†, and â€Å"Possets† fall under the sub-conscious form of sleep. The last category of sleep is the unconscious form. Words that fall under this category may seem depressing for non-believers of an afterlife or second life, but for believers they symbolize a new beginning. This form of sleep is tied in greatly with religious symbolism because it is rooted in the spiritual life. One does not quite know what happens after death, however there is a general belief that the spirit lives on, while the body lays under an eternal rest. The reader can see just how influential sleep is in this excerpt. One sees a sleeping Duncan, and later a deceased Duncan and also sees drunk attendants by Duncan’s side. In these few lines the reader envisions all three types of sleep. Although both Sleep Motifs and Religious Symbolisms play a huge role in shaping the themes of this scene, the most used device, and particularly important in these 13 lines is Negative Diction. Throughout, one sees words spoken wickedly by Lady Macbeth. She speaks wickedly about a wicked deed. Throughout the text one can see numerous examples of negative diction; â€Å"drunk†, â€Å"stern’st good-night†, â€Å"the owl that shriek’d the fatal bellman†, â€Å"surfeited†, â€Å"mock†, â€Å"drugg’d†, â€Å"death†, â€Å"die†, â€Å"confounds†, â€Å"afraid†, and â€Å"daggers†. Through Lady Macbeth’s vocabulary one can easily sense just how sinister Lady Macbeth is in both her words and actions. In this section of â€Å"Macbeth† one finds several literary tools that aid in conveying the character of Lady Macbeth and the three central themes. The most important devices used throughout this passage include Religious Symbolism, Sleep Motif, and Negative Diction. These three devices are interconnected as they revolve around the ideas of sleep and death. These three terms work together to shape the reader’s understanding of death and sleep which Shakespeare exemplifies to us through Lady Macbeth’s manipulation of Macbeth into the killing of the righteous King Duncan. The reader can relate what Shakespeare illustrates to the Human Condition. Everybody in life has ambitions, be it big or small, most people strive to help themselves, and through helping themselves, they help others around them. In few scenarios like in the case of Lady Macbeth, her foul ambitions overpower her and corrupt her to a point of sheer evil.

Effects of Social Media on testing ability

As a society we are constantly connected to the world around us. The accurate definition Is explained best by Boyd and Allyson. 2007 â€Å"SONS or Social Networking System Is a web-based service that allows individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. This system or software is made up of all social networking sites some of which are Faceable, Mainstream, Twitter, Tumbler, Snatch, and the list goes on. It Is clear that we live In a world where we have access to any piece of information at any given time during the day. With this boom of technology It Is becoming harder and harder for us to disconnect from the world around us. There is very little chance to decompress have access by not only our computers, but also our phones now have APS that allows us to connect to social media at any giv en time of the day or night.The question is does this constant access of information and constant staying on social media affect our performance as students? Prospectus The Higher Education Research Institute in 2007 reported that ninety four percent of first year college students use social networking websites. In 2005 research by Macrobiotics and kepi revealed, â€Å"Eighty five percent of students at a large research university had accounts on Faceable, the most popular social networking site. † This leads us to the question does this way of revolving around social media impact our daily lives and the way we function?The National Sleep Foundation conducted a survey to reveal if there was a correlation between long hours of social media use and if it affected sleep habits along with performance levels. To be able to function properly one's sleep is Just as viable as the basic needs such as food and water. Before the big boom of technology humans lived much simpler lives. Fo r example, before the invention of computers, cellophanes, and even motor vehicles people had a more organic and natural way of life. Even the food they put into their bodies was untarnished by chemicals.Technology is intended to make one's life better; however like many things that are used in excess it becomes unhealthy. When these forms of social media affect our sleep cycle we maybe dealing with an addiction that must be managed. Lead researcher Diana Tamari of a recent Harvard study told the Los Angles Times, â€Å"l think the study helps to explain why people utilize social media websites so often. I think it helps explain why Twitter exists and why Faceable is so popular, because people enjoy sharing information about each other (Nature,2012). Diana Tamari was involved in a study conducted by Harvard University, which sought the answers to why social media was so addictive. The answer to their question turned out to be very a simple one. People are addicted to talking about their problems. They found in researching â€Å"That the act of disclosing information about oneself activates the same part of the brain that is associated with the sensation of pleasure, the same pleasure that we get from eating food or getting money (Nature, 2012). I say all of this to lead to the main point of our own research; social media is addictive. When social media becomes a problem and affects our basic needs such as sleeping patterns; the problem flows over into our daily lives. To simply state it our performance levels will decrease. In a study done by Christina J. Calamari, PhD, Thornton B. A. Mason, MD, PhD, MACE, Sarah J. Radcliff, PhD. , â€Å"Teenagers getting 8 to 10 hours of sleep on school nights tended to have 1. – to 2-fold lower multitasking indices compared with those getting less sleep.Thirty-three percent of the teenagers reported falling asleep during school. † Research is proving that social media is unhealthy. This problem did not escala te quickly overnight, but has been slowly evolving monster that has grown into a problem that must be dealt with. Kirsches and Sharkskin (2010, p. 1238) claim that â€Å"Students tend to participate in such website activities while doing their homework so that it may have negative effect on their academic achievements by interrupting them from the learning process.Therefore, between SONS usage and student academic performance shown at schools and universities. Many doctors, websites, self-help books, etc. Tell us that social media is a huge leader in sleep loss, however in Sleep Care's article on social media and sleep they write that they believe social media can cause individuals to get more, effective sleep. â€Å"Faceable has over 1 billion users worldwide while Twitter had over 500 million last year and is quickly growing every day'(Sleepwear, 2014).This goes without saying that a big chunk of the world is connected to one social media site or another. In order to be engaged in a social media site, one must â€Å"follow' or â€Å"like† another. They continue with, â€Å"Social media enables an individual to feel supported from individuals closely tied to their lives and from friends and family afar† (Sleepwear,2014). By connecting with people who share similar interests and opinions a person who actively utilizes social media finds oneself in an overall better state of mind.This relates directly to better sleep because having a peaceful mind when lying down to go to bed is essential in a good night's sleep. In 2010 media headlines read: minor Friends Can Make You Fat. Reading these headlines, researchers at US San Diego and Harvard studied the correlation between social networks, sleep patterns and drug usage, after much research and hours of examination they discovered, â€Å"The use of social networks by adolescents influences sleep patterns, sleep deprivation, and drug use† (Beers 2010). Why is the sleep cycle important?What occ urs during the sleep cycle that is so valuable to the human body? â€Å"Stage 1 is the beginning of the sleep cycle, and is a relatively light stage of sleep in which the brain produces high amplitude theta waves, which are very slow brain waves. Stage 2 is the second stage of sleep and lasts for approximately 20 minutes. The brain begins to produce bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity known as sleep spindles. This stage was previously divided into stages three and four. Deep, slow brain waves known as delta waves.Most dreaming occurs during the fourth stage of sleep, known as rapid eye movement (ERM) sleep† (Cherry, 2011) These stages of sleep are very valuable for the wellbeing of humans. These processes allow us to recuperate from the day and heal. The body can physically heal itself by resting. The same concept applies to the mind. Once the technology is finally set aside most young adults only receive approximately five hours of sleep per night. Sleep deprivatio n is the reason why in this day and age there are more mishaps and â€Å"slip-ups† than ever before.With the lack of sleep one's comprehension skills are severely lacking. When it is time to sleep individuals around the world grab their phones. Peg Fitzpatrick surveyed 1,000 online individuals thus finding, â€Å"Our Faceable and Twitter activities continue even after we've hit the hay, with forty-eight percent of respondents checking in on activity when they wake p in the middle of the night or as soon as they wake up in the morning (Fitzpatrick 2011). In her online blob, Peg Fitzpatrick asked many friends about how social media affects their sleeps habits.Sadly, many of her friends responded with low affects because they have -in few words?grown immune to social media. They check their social media sites every night in the same amount of time so their body is used to getting that same amount of sleep. Social media has affected these friend's sleep habits. They have been a part of the world of social media so long that their body has accepted it as a part of the daily routine. With easy access to sites responsibility to bedroom may result in sleep loss, delays in initiating sleep, daytime sleepiness and more,† says researcher Teresa Roar.Those who said they usually connected to friends online before getting into bed reported sleeping an average of â€Å"8 hours and 10 minutes a night compared with 9 hours and 2 minutes among those who never connected† (Thomson & Reuters 2014). Studies also show that sleep loss can lead to a variety of other problems such as: obesity, depression, high blood pressure, difficulty regulating emotions and lower grades. Kids who frequently viewed TV before bed were four times more likely to report waking up several times during the night than non-viewers, and frequent social networks were three times more likely to wake up a lot.Researchers reported in Sleep Medicine, † kids who regularly played video gam es or listened to music at bedtime had significantly more difficulty falling asleep† (Thomson & Reuters 2014). Another factor that also may play into the problem is when a device with access to social media is near the bedtime pillow, people tend to wake up throughout the night. Some tend to immediately return to leap but others may stay away for an hour or more in the middle of the night on social media before they return to sleep. This growing problem may seem insignificant, but over time this continual routine is unhealthy for the body.The life of a student, no matter what age, takes a toll on the body. Deadlines to meet, Jobs to do, activities to plan, activities to attend, homework to complete, grades to maintain, etc. The life of a student is often either all about freedom or all about grades. This is because as students we are learning what actions to take in order to have a balanced life. Sleep is one area that is often neglected by young adults because there is more o n the plate than ever before. The society of today is fast paced and demanding. In order to stay in control one must lose a few hours of sleep to stay ahead of the game.What is the accurate definition of sleep and rest? It is referred to as, â€Å"The period in which the basic metabolic rate decreases, soft tissue and muscles are relaxed and revalidated, and the brain is able to process things that have been learned during the day (Clifford, 2007). Harvard Women's Health Watch states, â€Å"There are six reasons for eating enough sleep, namely for improved learning and memory, maintenance of metabolism and weight, increased safety, enhanced mood, cardiovascular health and boosting up the immune system† (Fanned, 2013). With any choice comes an appropriate consequence.Depending on the choice the consequences could be positive or negative. When an individual decides to push off sleep for whatever reason negative consequences follow?sickness, a drop in school performance, a nega tive or poor attitude, and an exhausted body. In a 2009 study Tracker noticed that students experiencing sleep deprivation try to avoid more difficult tasks. Also, they often are not aware that the difficulties they are experiencing academically can be directly related to their poor sleep habits. This can often lead to frustration and depression due to the low-test scores they are receiving.This would explain the commonly heard comment, â€Å"l can't understand why I did so badly, I spent all the previous day studying† (Engle-Friedman, 2003; Filcher, 1997). In 2013 an experiment was put into action to identify the factors affecting quality of sleep, and assess the impact of low quality sleep on the daily activities of students. The Results of social Edie follow: â€Å"Non-users of social networking, such as Faceable, MANS, and Twitter, 0. 5-2 hours a day had the best sleep quality among the groups, but the result again cannot be taken into consideration due to the non-signif icant p value (p= 0. 42) ( Fanned, 2013). † Even though social media is relatively new, it has found itself into the daily lives of many young students. With most media distractions are not uncommon. People see social media as way to relax, but are blinded by the negative effects that it has on their health and even on their grades. A large-scale study by the Kaiser Family Foundation (Beers,2012) found that, â€Å"teens spent fifty three hours per week engaged with some form of electronic media. † That's more than seven hours per day. Most of the time spent was during the night when the volunteer is in bed.Research also shows that lack of sleep has been linked with mood swings during the day. Social media has a negative impact in that it influences friends in a network. It has also brought about a sleep disorders such as sleep testing. This is a recent development. The brain is hardwired to do what it is become adapted to. In this age brains are coming more and more ada pted to staying on computers and cellophanes all day long. This practice has drifted over into our sleeping habits. This is not only a distraction to the one who is doing it but also to the one who receives the text because the alert wakes them up in the middle of the night.The brain cannot function at maximum capacity when it is weary. This causes one who loses sleep to perform poorly on test and during their daily activities. In the research done by Dry. Rubin Had, social media effects on sleep are analyzed in the life of young students. Sleep is a vital necessity such as eating a proper diet, drinking plenty of eater, and exercising daily. Dry. Had also shows that poor quality sleep negatively affects a person's physical, psychological and emotional well being and leads to poor job performance.She goes on to further explain how sleep is like a cave you have to enter, this meaning that each human body has to prepare itself for the sleep cycle. A person must develop a routine to he lp their body to shut down and begin to recuperate. By adding light from computers or cellular devices the body is not able to properly shut down for the night. The light from laptops or cellular devices causes the brain to be confused. When the brain senses darkness it connects this with sleep so it makes the hormone melatonin. This hormone makes us sleepy.When a student is on a computer the brain is tricked by the light, believing that it is earlier than it usually is. Because of this it takes a student longer to merge into the ERM cycle. â€Å"The college student needs about eight hours of sleep. When a college student puts down their cellular device they can therefore get more sleep. † (Pipsqueaks, 2013). Method To conduct this study, participants will be recruited on the Blue Mountain College campus. Participants will be comprised of eighteen and older, male and female, rotational and nontraditional college students.We will recruit the participants by word of mouth, sign s posted around campus and the incentive of coffee and doughnuts. The participants will be required to sign a consent form to the study, answer demographic questions, take the short survey and not talk about the survey to friends. Upon request noted on the demographic form, participants can be emailed the surveys results, which will be the debrief section of the study. This study is designed to figure out if prolonged hours of social media use at nighttime will affect test scores the next morning.Total hours spent on social media will be test complied with demographic questions and five questions from the fifth grade level language arts section of the Mississippi Curriculum Test (MAC). Testing will take place in the student lounge between the hours of on varies days, to which we will take participants at any time during that block of time. Participants can score between O and 100 on the MAC section and that score will then be compared to the total amount of time they stated they spe nt on social media in the demographic section.We believe higher test scores will show a lower amount of nightly social Edie use and lower test scores will show a higher usage of social media. Results The survey we conducted involved sixty-two volunteers. Group A participants spent less than one hour on social media the night before and group B spent anywhere from an hour to over six hours. The purpose for our testing was to create a correlation between low comprehension skills and late hours spent on social media. Our hypothesis stated that students who spent more time on social media would make a lower grade than those who did not.Figure 1. 1 is a scatter plot to show the range of test scores from our 62 participants. Figure 1. 1 Figure 1. 2 The break down of hours spent on social media per individual is seen in figure 1. 2. Majority of hours that were spent on social media falls between less than an hour and two hours. For this reason we created two groups and compared their test scores to each other. The total hours grouped can be viewed in figure 1. 3. Out of the 62 participants 47% spent less than an hour on social media and 53% spent an hour or more on social media. Figure 1. The correlation of our survey shows our hypothesis to be false. The two-tailed P value equals 0. 1683, which is 16%. By conventional criteria, this difference is insider to be not statistically significant because it is not less than . 05 and thus not supporting our claim. The mean of Group One less than 1 hour minus Group Two greater than 1 hour equals 9. 67, 95% confidence interval of this difference: From -4. 20 to 23. 53. Participants who spent less time on social media approximately had the same average as those who spent more than two hours on social media.Figure 1. 4 below displays the statistical data from the study. Mean. 24 57. 58 SODS. 09 28. 97 SEEM 4. 66 5. 04 N 29 33 Figure 1. 4 Discussion The Age of Information is here and it is here to stay. As a result, our social m edia use is steadily on the rise. The purpose of the study was to see if prolonged usage of social media at night affects our comprehension skills the proceeding morning. This research is important because if people are aware of the effects that social media could have, they might reduce the amount of time they spend on different networks.Our hypothesis was, if a student spends two or more hours on social media before entering their sleep cycle it would negatively affect their test scores the following day. After conducting the experiment, our team found no correlation between hours spent n social media the night before and low comprehension skills. We found many factors in need of improvement throughout our experiment. If time allowed a pilot study would have been ideal to allow for us to discover things that we might fix before conducting the study.Also, we could have fine-tuned our data collection method and made sure we were selecting the proper statistical analyses. One of our initial plans was to incorporate the experimenters' GAP in order to determine if the student had a learning disability. However, when making out the test samples, we chose not to add a blank for the test takers to insert their GAP. Additional reading comprehension questions would have been helpful for us to determine if the student had any reading or learning disabilities. Also, incorporating a variety of questions could have better helped our results.The demographic portion of our test became a distraction for the test takers. The amount of demographic questions that was asked seemed to bombard the participants of the study. Fewer questions could possibly have been more helpful in this instance. In our attempt to mask our study we ended up causing our participants to rush through the numerous demographic questions. Another factor that hurt the results of our study was the number of participants who refrained from social media. Our data was skewed due to a low number of participants who spent less than one hour on a social media website.The location we chose to conduct the experiment could have been moved to an area better fitted for testing. Instead, we chose a central location in one of the buildings on campus. Many people came in and out of our testing room. This offered many distractions for our participants. The constant flow of traffic allowed the volunteers to be distracted. Having a quieter environment could have helped our test takers focus more. In our tests. The group's definition of social media was clearly explained. We spread the word about our experiment in a timely manner so that the majority of students on campus were made aware of our experiment.Also, we provided multiple days for students to come in so that testing did not interfere with their class schedules. We offered donuts and coffee, which were effective incentives for the students. Our experiment could be useful for other groups studying sleep by helping them better calculate the corr elation between social media use and sleep habits. For future studies we will need to develop a more effective way to study the effects of prolonged social media use on students so that we will have more accurate results.

The Children’s Hour

PACE UNIVERSITY WS 296: Dealing with Difference Dr. Karla Jay Midterm Directions: Write an essay of approximately 600-800 words on two of the following questions. Lengths are suggested. Be sure to support your position with facts, details, and examples. Check your essay structure, grammar, and spelling against the checklist on Blackboard (Writing Tools). Remember to include a good opening paragraph and a conclusion! Please provide citations and a bibliography if you use outside sources.There are writing rubrics on Blackboard under the Writing Tools button. Your midterm is due March 7 at 11 p. m. (I have provided an extension. ) You will lose three points for each day your midterm is late. Your midterm will not be accepted more than a week late without a doctor’s note or other valid excuse. Follow directions for Turnitin. com. Remember that our course number is 5841197, and the password is â€Å"beebo. † (You all seem to be registered. ) Note: Please load the two essays as one file. Remember to label the file as follows: Yourname.WS269. midterm. 1. How do Willa Cather, Gertrude Stein, and Angelina Weld Grimke let lesbian readers know that they are reading a lesbian story or poem without ever using terms like â€Å"lesbian† or â€Å"third sex†? 2. Lillian Hellman said The Children’s Hour is not about lesbianism but about a â€Å"lie. † Do you agree with her? Why or why not? 3. In The Well of Loneliness, Radclyffe Hall took the position that members of the â€Å"third sex† are different from birth. Though today, some critics use different terminology and label characters like Stephen â€Å"butch,† mannish† (Esther Newton), or even â€Å"transgendered,† do you think that Hall was ahead of her time in suggesting that lesbians are biologically (essentially) different in some way? How is Stephen different from most of the other lesbians in the novel? Even Hall sees two types of lesbian. Though this e ssay allows for you to be speculative, try to ground your thoughts in some details from the novel, please. Do only one of the following questions that relate to Beebo Brinker: 4. Many lesbian novels have been banned or prosecuted for â€Å"obscenity. † Start with the trial and content of the Well of Loneliness.Then connect it to the Gathings Hearings and government concern about pulp novels like Beebo Brinker. You should consider some of the following questions: Why were they banned? Were similar non-lesbian books banned? What is the impact of banning books on lesbian readership? You MUST credit all research in the text. Please do not use Wikipedia, as it is not a reliable source. 5. What did you learn from Beebo Brinker about gay and lesbian life in Greenwich Village in the late 1950s? Don’t retell the story but use specific details of to characterize the life that people led.

Summarize 2 chapters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summarize 2 chapters - Essay Example The production capacity of a country or community is determined by the marginal propensity to consume out of the disposable income. However, the degree of economic growth and development is also influenced by other variables including fiscal and monetary policies, capital stock, and technological progress. The productive capacity is also affected by other economic and environmental factor and existence of adequate resource capacity. According to the Neoclassical economist (in their growth model), economic growth rate will significantly decline with the maturity of the economy as investment resources are mainly used in replacing the depleted sectors of the economy. As more resources/capital stock is injected into the economy and with a significant growth in technology, the economy would expand irrespective of the investment and savings multipliers (Michael, 2004). The production capacity of an economy is also boosted by the marginal propensity to save and invest. In summary, this chap ter focuses on the productivity of the economy and the possible factors or theories behind

Warehousing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Warehousing management - Essay Example When designing a warehouse the goods that are handled should be known. Spaciousness may not be beneficial to a warehouse because the distance that a person or a machine must walk is increased. Nevertheless, an extra space that is not used means that an extra cost is also used. Before designs are made, it is important to know the physical properties of the item, how many times it is picked in order to lessen walking time. Most trade-offs are expected when the structure is being designed, the arrangement of the storage area and how the equipment are handled. An example in electrical engineering, a negative response may be used in increasing trade growth for other properties. To enhance warehousing security mainly on people, the process of hiring the workers should be categorized as either formal or informal. In a facility, different kinds of technology can be used. For example, use of video cameras or in low-tech ensuring that fences is there. In processes, the frequency of how goods are handled can cause loss of goods or damage. If they are frequently handled then the risk of them getting damaged is

Strategic and financial analysis of Zillow Term Paper

Strategic and financial analysis of Zillow - Term Paper Example This research will begin with the brief overview of Zillow. Zillow is a virtual merchant website, which generates revenue by selling real estate advertisements. From the last 3 years, Zillow experienced maximum financial growth. The vision of Zillow is to serve the customers worldwide with utmost quality and become one of the foremost online databases operating in the real estate industry as compared to others. In terms of business model, it can be ascertained that the online database mainly uses the approach of e-business and online business mechanism for attaining its predetermined business targets. Zillow is an online database of real estate, which was founded in the year 2005. The database is duly considered to be an ultimate destination for the individuals who possess a keen interest in buying any mortgaged property or real estate. Moreover, the database offers information about these products and/or services, which enables the consumers to make decisions about estimating the ho me value and also the rental price of the real estates. By taking into concern the varied facets of Zillow, the value proposition of the database in terms of providing significant benefits to the customers can be ascertained as serving effectual marketing and business technology based solutions specifically for real estate agents. Moreover, in relation to determining the value proposition of Zillow, it can be asserted that through this database, the mortgage marketplace borrowers can directly communicate with the lenders for availing mortgage rates.

New Zealand Film History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

New Zealand Film History - Essay Example New Zealand is a cultural melting-pot. Its national identity didn't come ready-made to be served in a silver platter but it is a fusion of many cultures that are varied and oftentimes contradictory to each other. All of this hodge-podge of cultures that was the outcome of intermingling and sometimes violent embroilment of diverse heritages for hundreds of years produced a unique national cultural identity that is one of its kind and which is so "quite unlike anywhere else in the world" (New Zealand Facts). This can never be truly understood and Ruth Harley's claim that "our culture is the well from which filmmakers draw their inspiration" will never be fathomed if we do not dissect the various cultures that make up this multi-cultural nation that is called New Zealand. And this has to start by tracing New Zealand's history and describing the cultures that these various people possess. Oral tradition of the Maoris claimed that a dark-skinned people called Morioris or moa hunters were the original inhabitants of New Zealand. Legend has it that these pre-Maori Polynesians (Australia, New Zealand Encyclopedia 1975, p.1013) came to the eastern North Island to hunt for moas, which were extinct wingless birds standing about 12 feet tall. Various literature failed to give us their kind of culture but only that they were assimilated into the Maori society. A Maori navigator named Kupe was the known discoverer of the land he called Aotearoa or Long White Cloud at about 950AD. Thereafter the Maoris came to settle the land National Identity 2 at about 1350 AD. They came in 8 outrigger canoes from either Society Islands or Tahiti and with their advent, they brought with them their own distinct culture. Although described as cannibalistic warriors, these tough, resourceful and handsome people were and are closely-knit who are "bound in families and subtribal communities" and have a deep "sense of closeness and homeyness" (Schafer 1998, p.11). The Maori society was already highly evolved at that time and was characterised by division of social classes i.e. chieftains, commoners and slaves. Yet despite this, they had remained family-oriented rather than individualistic (MacInnes 1964, p.109). They are also highly eloquent and witty with a predilection for debating. Maoris are also gifted with the talent for wood carving which is distinguished by intricate convolutions and feature pseudo-Oriental masks that are probably the finest in the world. What makes Maori culture so unique is that they always strive to achieve physical perfection through dancing and their

Singer- and Kants categorical imperative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Singer- and Kants categorical imperative - Essay Example One of the major contributors in bioethics is Peter Singer who has put across various theories in this field. One theory he stipulates is that sacrifices of significant interests must not be done for the sake of minor interest. By this, he means that when considering an ethical issue one must evaluate what is more valuable than the other and then make a decision favoring what is more significant of the two factors. This theory has been used to decide on various ethical issues when it comes to medicine. A practical example is by considering the example given earlier. In the hospitals doctors and family members always find themselves in tough situations I deciding whether to turn off machines that are keeping a patient who is brain dead alive. Often family members always rely on the doctor’s advice when deciding on whether to pull the plug or not. By using singer’s theory doctors often ask their self one crucial question. Is the patient who is brain dead worth keeping alive without the hopes of any recovery even though it means putting the patient’s family members in serious financial problems because of the high costs they incur as a result of medical bill? After doctors evaluate this question, they end up advice their patient’s family member to agree to turn of the machines keeping the patient alive since they will only suffer financially despite the fact that the patient will never wake up or recover. Singer’s theory has also been vastly used when it comes to the ethical issue of using animals when it comes to the advancement of medicine and biology. He argues that rights for animals, which are of an inferior species than humans should not be put before that of human beings. By this, the scholar stipulated that, people should not discredit the use of animals in medical research because this testing f animals will help along were in improving the lives of human beings, which is much more valuable than the life of

Humn Recourse Mngement in Indi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Humn Recourse Mngement in Indi - Essay Example It occupies strtegic loction in South si for interntionl trde. With n re of 3.3 million squre km, Indi is the second lrgest country in si nd the seventh lrgest in the world. former British colony, Indi hs emerged s the lrgest democrcy in the world since independence in 1947. Indi is the birthplce of three of the world's min religions: Hinduism (bout 7000 yers BC), Buddhism (487 BC) nd Sikhism (1699 D). Indin society comprises six min religious groups: Hindus (83.2 per cent), Muslims (11 per cent), Sikhs (2 per cent), Christins (2 per cent), Jins nd Buddhists (less thn 1 per cent). There re over three thousnd cstes. Indi hs 179 lnguges nd 544 dilects. The Constitution recognises sixteen lnguges, Hindi nd English being the two officil lnguges. Indi hs one of the lrgest English-speking popultions in the si-Pcific region. The litercy rte for those over 15 yers of ge is 51 per cent, but litercy is unevenly distributed (Budhwr, 2000). These fcts show the diverse nture of the Indin workforce. Though rich in culture nd nturl resources, Indi currently fces number of problems: politicl nd religious instbility; ever-incresing levels of popultion; unemployment nd poverty; corruption in government offices; cstism; low per cpit income; instbility of output in griculture nd relted sectors; slow privtistion of the bloted public sector; lck of dequte intellectul property protection; excessive bureucrcy; nd n incresing gp between rich nd poor. The level of corruption in politics is rpidly rising. fter independence, the government set up 'Plnning Commission' in 1950 to formulte ntionl plns. Since then (till erly 1990s) 'mixed economy' pproch (emphsising both privte nd public enterprise) hs been dopted. Economic plnning is minly crried out through the five-yer plns nd industril policies. Presently, the ninth five yer-pln nd the industril policy begun in 1991 re in progress (see Dtt nd Sundhrm, 1999). The next section further highlights the present dynmic business environment nd the chllenges it hs creted for the HR function in Indi. Economic crisis nd liberlistion of Indin economy Despite the formlities of plnning, the Indin economy reched its ndir in 1991. It witnessed double digit rte of infltion, decelerted industril production, fiscl indiscipline, very high rtio of borrowing to the GNP (both internl nd externl) nd dismlly low level of foreign exchnge reserves. Foreign reserves hd become so low tht they were brely sufficient to meet the cost of three weeks' imports (Budhwr, 2001). The Indin government ws forced to pledge gold to the Bnk of Englnd to meet the country's foreign exchnge requirements. The World Bnk nd the IMF greed to bil out Indi on the condition tht it chnged to 'free mrket economy' from regulted regime. To meet the chllenges, the government nnounced series of economic policies beginning with the devlution of the rupee, followed by new industril policy nd fiscl nd trde policies. number of reforms were undertken in the public sector, in trde nd exchnge policy, in the bnking sector, nd foreign investment ws liberlised. Liberlistion of policies hs resulted in huge increse in competition for Indin firms with foreign firms. In ddition, Indin firms re now under gret pressure to chnge from indigenous, costly nd probbly less effective technology to high, more effective nd costly technology (Venkt Rtnm,

Vocabulary Game Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vocabulary Game - Essay Example Step 1: Initially the teacher explains to identify opposites by drawing or showing pictures. (Pre-lesson). Step 2: The teacher calls one child to come and pick up a card from the first set. Step 3: The child comes and picks up a card from the first set. (E.g. card having a picture of an elephant). The teacher asks how the elephant is big or small. Step 4: The child answers her question (other children clap) and the teacher writes the word on the board. Step 5: The teacher calls another student to pick up a card from the second set having a card with the opposite picture (ant). Step 6: The child comes and picks up the card (E.g. card having a picture of an ant). The teacher asks how the ant is big or small. Step 7: The child answers her question and the teacher writes the opposite word on the board. The above steps are repeated till all the cards are completed. Step 8: Then the teacher takes a card from the third set having both the pictures (elephant and ant) with words written (big and small). She says aloud both the words

Road Trauma Essay Example for Free

Road Trauma Essay Road Trauma; two little words, that pack an almighty punch into the lives and families of those affected by vehicle accidents. A definition by the Australian Academy of Science: â€Å"The word ‘trauma’ is especially appropriate to describe the injuries inflicted by road crashes. The medical profession uses it for any bodily injury or wound, but more literally it means ‘a powerful shock that may have long-lasting effects’ – an apt description for the sudden violence of a road crash†. (NOVA: Australian Academy of Science- Road Trauma Prevention). Trauma is the hidden tragedy of the road. We have become accustomed and almost numb to hearing about the devastatingly high death toll; although unpleasant, crash fatalities are becoming an increasing circumstance and an unwanted occurrence for today’s generations. â€Å"There is limited, to no physical control over that types of injuries may be inflicted upon a victim in a road crash: from ruptured spleens to severed limbs, broken skulls/ severe whiplash and injuries to the brain and spinal cord, and fractured ribs†- explains the team at Nova’s road trauma unit. see more:speech on importance of road safety The shocking truth about the outcomes of being in a near fatal car accident is that the recovery from these grievances can take years of treatment, physiotherapy, medications and therapy, but the physical and psychological pain may never go away for both the wounded and their loved ones. (NOVA: Australian Academy of Science- Road Trauma Prevention). â€Å"There are wounds that never show on the body that are deeper and more hurtful than anything that bleeds. † ? Laurell K. Hamilton, Mistrals Kiss Australia, the seventh largest continent in the world, is homed to over 20,434,176 people. Research suggests that every year on Australian roads approximately 1,600 fatalities, and over 50,000 injuries occur. These are astonishing numbers, much alike the statistics found by The Southern Australian Road Safety Strategy, which places road crashes as the second highest known killer of young people aged 16 to 25 years old. For every road death it is estimated that an average 1,700 people are killed in road crashes each year. The Journey Beyond Road Trauma: Classroom Resources). Road trauma does not only affect the emotional state of mind of those affected and their families; it also influences the members of both communities, both big and small. A problematic issue which requires appropriate financial necessities, with the cost of road trauma costing Queensland community tax payers a whopping excess of one billion dollars per year; the increasing number of drivers being killed each year has become a bourdon for the Queensland Government and overall Australian society. QLD Government: Police and Road Trauma Prevention Strategies). In accordance to the statistic that almost 1,700 people are killed on Australian roads each year, it is three times more likely for drivers aged between 16 to 25 years be seriously injured or killed in a car accident, leaving them at more risk than drivers above the age of 35, who are additionally more experienced, proficient, knowledgeable and qualified to abide by the road rules at all times. Another attributing motive towards the deaths of younger drivers on our roads is the fact that young drivers are 75% more likely to participate in risk taking behaviours on the roads. This compulsion and tendency to par take in risk taking comportments comes with the freedom and independence getting your licence. It is a common component of becoming a young adult, but for far too many reckless motorists, the desire results can lead to serious injuries and even death on the roads. (The South Australian Road Safety Strategy 2003-2010). The Fatal Five’ is a highly recommended set of guidelines created by the Northern Territory Police Force, to help recognise the causes of casualties, and hopefully reduce the accident toll on Australia’s roads. According to the Northern Territory Police Force, the varying causes of dangerous factors that can potentially increase the chance of being in a vehicle accident include: Speeding, drink and drug use while driving, failure to wear seatbelts/ restraints of any kind, fatigue, inattention, and poor road use behaviour/ amateurish knowledge of road rules. These five spectacles of endangerment are the reasons for almost 5,000 teens in the 16 to 20 age group being eradicated each year as a result of a car crash, and over 400,000 teenagers being injured in the same age group. Southern Australian Police illustrate the most potential causes of death, via the ‘Fatal Five’ system were driving while under the influence of alcohol and speeding. In 2010, out of the male population drivers aged 15 to 20 killed in car crashes, 38% were speeding and 24% were under the influence of alcohol. (The South Australian Road Safety Strategy 2003-2010), (Autos. om: Driving and Safety- Car Crash Statistics Based on Age and Location). A continuous exploitation and abuse of the five most dangerous factors on Australia’s roads can potentially affect anyone sharing the road with a participant of risk taking. This report aims to analyse the extent of road risk taking behaviours, evaluate the current measures in place to address road risk taking behaviour, and make helpful recommendations on additional resources and strategies that would minimise road trauma and the associated long term community health concerns. Queensland is Australia’s second largest state; covering 1, 77200 km’s, and the third most heavily populated, with more than 4. 5 million inhabited residents. Queensland’s desirable lifestyle ensures that its current population of over 4. 5 million continues to grow and prosper. Brisbane, the capital, is located in the south-eastern corner of the state. Queensland is often referred to as ‘The Sunshine State’, due to its warm weather and low rainfall all year round. Queensland has a growing economy that is based mainly on tourism, mining and agriculture. The Regions of Queensland refers to the environmental sub- dividers in which the state is apportioned amongst, due to its large size and highly distributed population for both numerical and administrative commitments. Each region differs somewhat in terms of its financial prudence, population, temperature, and geography. (Wikipedia: Queensland). The Wide Bay Burnett is regarded as one of roughly eleven regions, by The Queensland Government Office of Economic and Statistical Research. It is classified as the costal and hinterland areas between Caloundra and Gladstone, and is approximately between 107 and 400 kilometres north of Queensland’s capital city, Brisbane. According to The Australian Bureau of Statistics, the Wide Bay region is homed to 273,267 people; 134,783 males and 138,484 females, with a median age of 43. (Census: For a Brighter Future). This previous statistic evidences that this region as a whole, should have a safer road status due to its higher intermediate age group. This pleasant statement is doubted, since drivers and passengers between the ages of 16 and 25 are over-represented on the Wide Bay’s road toll, especially in 2007; while taking the number of young drivers into consideration (14% of the population), they represent 37% of passengers, and 28% of drivers killed. Also documented in 2007 was the 1,600 young drivers and passengers seriously injured on the Wide Bays roads. (Australian Bureau of Statistics: Leading Causes of Death in Queensland). These shocking figures are hard to comprehend until you recognize that this small farming region is homed to one of Australia’s most dangerous stretches of road: The Bruce Highway. The Bruce Highway, according to the ABC Wide Bay, stretches 1,550 kilometres along the Queensland coast, connecting Brisbane to the states north. This area of road is classified as a major danger spot for motorists by The Australian Automobile Association (AAA). (ABC Wide Bay: Road Toll Statistics). The Bruce Highway has become a detrimental health factor to not only the community inhabiting the Wide Bay, but also to its many visiting tourists, who are unfamiliar and inexperienced with the current road conditions, which according to Road Trauma. Com, â€Å"57% of fatal accidents are possibly caused by poor road conditions, which is the fourth highest cause in the top ten causes of car accidents in the Wide Bay region†. (Cars/ Road Trauma. Com). The ABC Wide Bay road toll also proved that â€Å"the Bruce Highway saw the highest level of road trauma on the Queensland national highway network, accounting for 50 per cent of casualty crashes and 61 per cent of deaths from 2005 to 2009†. (ABC Wide Bay: Road Toll Statistics). Road Trauma has become a foremost cause of death and indisposition amongst the Wide Bay community, with risk taking developing into an unnecessary reason for morality. This is contributing to the road trauma statistics and therefore is detrimental to the health of the community. (Census: For a Brighter Future).

Internal and External Factors of Management Essay Example for Free

Internal and External Factors of Management Essay Introduction Businesses rely heavily on the four basic functions of management Planning, Organizing, Directing, and Controlling; however, the skilled management of internal and external factors will ultimately determine the longevity of the company. Management teams are measured on how quickly they can build a company over a short period. However, the real measure is how well a company can continue to grow. Company success is continually evolving as the world changes, making it difficult on management teams to adapt as internal and external forces mold new paths. Google is a prime example of a leading company who must constantly evaluate their business objectives to keep up with the changing technological landscape. Traditional business models use a top down approach may leave the company unable to change, as the business leader is unable to change. â€Å"It is noteworthy that neither Larry Page nor Sergei Brin, Googles founders, has proclaimed himself chief software architect, the badge Bill Gates wears at Microsoft† (Hamel, 2006) Instead the founders have designed a concept the makes every idea stand on its own merits. Internal and external factors such as Globalization, Technology, Innovation, Diversity, and Ethics carry large weight in management strategies and the method in which ideas are executed. Planning Planning is the first of the four management functions. Google manages to plan for their future by recognizing that planning requires research and development. Investing in new technologies takes time and money, and not every cent or minute can be dedicated to research without other sources for income. This is why Google invest in smaller companies to fund the evolution of change in the technological world. So even though the company’s overall growth may experience slow periods the overall income will continue to grow with the acquisition of these multiple smaller companies. Organizing Organizing is attracting people to the organization as well as assembling and coordinating the human, financial, physical, informational, and other resources needed to achieve goals. â€Å"Google is famously elitist when it comes to hiring. It understands that companies begin to slide into mediocrity when they start to hire mediocre people. Googles grueling hiring process, akin to a Mensa test, values nonconformity nearly as highly as genius.† (Hamel,  2006) Google also allows their employees 20% creative time, which is off budget, and off project. This off shift time can attribute to some of Google’s most profitable ideas and software implementation. Providing the creative outlet for the company’s highly creative employees has yielded great results and is part of Google’s overall planning model. Hamel, G. (2006, Apr 27). Management a la google. The Wall Street Journal Asia. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/315425991?accountid=35812 The ultimate test of any management team is not how fast it can grow its company in the short-term, but how consistently it can grow it over the long-term. In a world where change is relentless and seditious, this demands a capacity for rapid strategic adaptation. In many cases, companies havent been changing as fast as the world around them.What the laggards have failed to grasp is that what matters most today is not a companys competitive advantage at a point in time, but its evolutionary advantage over time. [Google] gets this. While Googles growth will inevitably slow, theres a good chance that its revenues will arc upward for years. Why? Because its novel management system seems to have been designed to guard against the risk factors that so often erode an organizations evolutionary potential: When power is concentrated at the top, a tradition-bound executive team can hold a companys capacity to change hostage to its own ability to adapt. Thats why it usually takes a financial meltdown and leadership change to set a company on a new course. It is noteworthy that neither Larry Page nor Sergei Brin, Googles founders, has proclaimed himself chief software architect, the badge Bill Gates wears at Microsoft. Rather than assume theyre infallible seers with a divine right to dictate Googles next strategy and the one after that, Messrs. Page and Brin have created a Darwinian environment in which every idea must compete on its merits, not on the grandeur of its sponsors title. Google understands that even as its ramping up todays business model, it has to be buying options on the future by creating a lot of little Googlettes. Evolution demands a lot of new experiments; but experimentation takes time and money, scarce commodities when every hour of time and every dollar of capital have already been  allocated to some mission critical project. Thats why every Google developer can spend up to 20% of his time working on off-budget, out-of-scope projects. This time is more than a perk; its Googles seed corn for the future. The payoff? In one recent period, more than half of Googles newly launched products could trace their origins to a 20% project. You have requested on-the-fly machine translation of selected content from our databases. This functionality is provided solely for your convenience and is in no way intended to replace human translation. Show full disclaimer Neither ProQuest nor its licensors make any representations or warranties with respect to the translations. The translations are automatically generated AS IS and AS AVAILABLE and are not retained in our systems. PROQUEST AND ITS LICENSORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES FOR AVAILABILITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, COMPLETENESS, NON-INFRINGMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Your use of the translations is subject to all use restrictions contained in your Electronic Products License Agreement and by using the translation functionality you agree to forgo any and all claims against ProQuest or its licensors for your use of the translation functionality and any output derived there from. Hide full disclaimer Translations powered by LEC. Translations powered by LEC.

Development of an Operational Plan

Development of an Operational Plan BSBMGT517 THEORY Performance Criteria: Research, analyse and document resource requirements and develop an operational plan in consultation with relevant personnel, colleagues and specialist resource managers. Activity 1.1.1 What strategies can an organisation use to research, analyse and document resource requirements for the development of an operational plan? For the development of an operational plan, an organisation needs to be able to research, analyse and document the resources on the following points The duration of the project; when it will start and the aim of completion. This should include current and upcoming desired and clear goals. Timeframes should be set at the start with clear plans about the project. Financial resources; how much fund is currently available to sustain the project and any risk that may occur in the funding needs to be identified prior. It is important to be able to convince investors and suppliers about the plan and the resources needed to help achieve a profitable completion of the project. Human resource and other capacity requirements; evaluate the labour and the skills needed and available that are important to complete the project. It is important to consider where the human resources will come from and how many staff are required. This should include maintenance and servicing resources such as customer service. Identify the risk and evaluate mitigation strategy; what are these strategies and how to overcome if they were to arise. For instance, if there is a gap in resources, there need to be a plan to fill in the gap. So, all risks are evaluated and plans are devised to be prepared and also to minimise the occurrences of these risks. The ability to measure the performance to monitor improvements need to be available. Performance Criteria: Develop and/or implement consultation processes as an integral part of the operational planning process Activity 1.2.1 What strategies do you or could you use to consult with team members and other stakeholders to gain and utilise their input when planning a project? There are several ways available to consult with team members about their input on a project. Emails and intranet may be used as a quality assurance and a way to improve the process. It is also an efficient way to get the same message across the whole group, especially in big organisations. On the other hand, it is an approachable system to welcome any opportunities for the staff to respond and provide feedbacks. This will contribute to the planning process and goals. Also, newsletters may be used to provide the staff about the important information about the plan with open opportunities to revert back with feedbacks. Furthermore, the use of surveys, questionnaires and information sessions may help to encourage staff to respond by providing specific feedbacks about the project. Quantitative and qualitative data are gathered for the operational plan of the project. In addition, there can be meetings; formal or informal. While informal meetings can be held anytime and anywhere, formal meetings require a safe and controlled environment. Both ways aim to gather feedbacks. Another different way to consult teams members are through interviews. Structured interviews may help the management to get the feedbacks needed in regards to specific aspects of the operational plan. These are done through specific questions. A more open way to gather such feedbacks and information is through brainstorming sessions whereby new ideas and solutions are generated. These are analysed to further determine its importance. To make these sessions fruitful, it is important to always welcome and recognise the effort of all participants for bringing their input and feedbacks to the organisation. This is in order to encourage more   open participation. Performance Criteria: Ensure the operational plan includes key performance indicators to measure organisational performance Activity 1.3.1 Key performance indicators act as benchmarks against which organisational goals and performance can be measured. List several areas of a project which might have key performance indicators reflected in an operational plan? Key performance indications may be used in an operational project to build goals. Setting a realistic aim will not only help staff to work towards it but it can also be used to reflect the profit of the organisation with quantitative targets.  Ã‚   Areas of a project where key performance indicators are reflected are Targets; sales and services will all work towards reaching the target Measurement of the growth in the organisation; this can be through sales or profit Objectives to help improve the system Initiatives for growth and increase performance. Performance Criteria: Develop and implement contingency plans for the operational plan Activity 1.4.1 Contingency plans deal with unexpected events and/or occurrences, and/or when things go wrong.List several areas where contingency planning would be typical? Areas where contingency planning is important are: Outsourcing human resources/ labour to cut down the cost used mutil function or skills. Contracting out then help to get a person with special knowledge and skills to bring their input at a lower cost and some organisations may even look into this strategy when an internal department has ceased functioning. Diversification of outcomes may help towards an achievable and profitable end result when many departments help to contribute towards the final result. Since the target is spread over a larger area, increase productivity from human resources help to contribute towards a bigger outcome. Cheaper and lower quality products help to moderate the budget. Globalisation helps towards competition and cost effective strategies and therefore more profit. Increasing sales or productions will increase profit. It is important to cater needs and resources towards the customer service department providing adequate training programs. By reinforcing their skills, it will help to reach key performance indicators. Recycling and re-using is a strategy to raise the organisational social responsibility towards the environment. Many customers are more inclined to buy consciously to protect the environment from these organisations. Rental and hiring alternatives are better ways to get hold of cheap resources than buying them. Negotiation helps to save on cost on the procurement of these resources needed. Restructuring of organisation to reduce labour costs is necessary at time to reduce expenses. Sometimes, some organisations will downsize in the aim of focusing on profitable departments only. Other departments that do not sell as their service or products, are not in high demands anymore, will cease to operate. Risk identification, assessment and management processes. Unfortunately, a rise in injuries due to hazards and risks put financial stress on organisations. So in order to minimise the risks of this happening, risk assessments are performed to reduce the occurrences of injuries. Sometimes, feedbacks from staff help to work out better strategies to manage injuries and also raise awareness of the importance of staying safe. Seeking further funding is important especially when the budget available is not adequate to reach the targeted goal. Strategies for reducing costs, wastage, stock of consumable can be done by using another supplier with lower costs that is able to produce at a cheaper rate Succession planning is important to identity good potentials within the organisation who are able to fill in important roles. Performance Criteria: Ensure the development and presentation of proposals for resource requirements is supported by a variety of information sources and seek specialist advice as required Activity 1.5.1 Provide several examples of the type of information sources and or specialist that may be used or accessed in the development and presentation of proposals for resource requirements within your organisation or area of activity? Raising funds is very significant to help achieve the goal of the operational plan. Raising funds help to obtain resources such as human resources/labour, capital resources and financial resources. If more funds is needed, the organisation needs to work on further strategies to obtain such by influencing senior management and skateholders to invest in order to supply these resources and in turn, get a profitable return. Developing a business proposal is a strategic plan and needs to be appealing enough to stakeholders so they can invest in it. They need to believe in its success, hence, devising a proposal is important to demonstrate the potentials behind the project. A business proposal needs to be convincing and needs to primarily cater the needs of the stakeholders investing in it, at a higher benefit for the latter. Identifying strategic goals such as marketing strategy helps to increase the organisations market share, therefore promoting the productivity of the organisation. Human resource strategy can be used to improve staffing experiences and skills. Management strategy, through emotional intelligence, also contributes towards productivity. Similarly, technological strategy helps to improve production line. Specialist advice can come from many informative sources such as managers, marketing specialist, financial consultants, accountants, suppliers, internal and external customers and the sales team. Customers feedbacks are also important to cater better needs and improve on the product efficiency. Presentation is the key to selling a business operational plan. The use of graphs helps to visually demonstrate costs, contingency plans and risk management plans and strategies to fund the plan. The more the organisations goals and benefits are reiterated and are made believable, the more comfortable the stakeholders will feel about investing in it. Performance Criteria: Obtain approval for the plan from relevant parties and explain the plan to relevant work teams Activity 1.6.1 From whom within your organisation or area of activity would you need to gain agreement and or endorsement for the approval of the operational plan, and once approved how would this information be provided to work teams and other stakeholders? An operational plan needs to be presented to the executives of the hospital, the director of nursing and the Chief executive officer for approval. It is usually via a systematic approach where justification is provided for the required funding. Each ward managers get to present their ideas and plans and relevant funding is then distributed according to their priorities. The decision is mostly based on the values and missions of the hospital. For instance, if funding is required to improve something important on the ward that has direct impact on the safety of the customers, it is more likely to be granted. Any ideas that will help to improve the risk management strategies will be taken seriously. Henceforth, it is important for managers to present their case in such a way that their operational plan is considered in accordance with the hospitals goals. Generally, once approved, the information is then passed on to the staff in the form of informal meetings, generally held every Thursday and also by email, so that the same information is delivered to every employee of the department. Flyers and newsletters are also posted on the common notice boards so everyone gets acquainted with the approval of the operational plan. Performance Criteria: Develop and implement strategies to ensure that employees are recruited and/or inducted within the organisations human resources management policies, practices and procedures Activity 2.1.1 What strategies could you use to ensure team members are clear about their roles and responsibilities as well as the requirements of the operational plan? Firstly, the team member gets to be acquainted to the roles needed prior to applying for it. Jobs and roles are advertised with specified skills needed and the employee gets to apply in relation of the demands and skills they can offer to the organisation. A resume is sent to the organisation and a selection process is undertaken in the form of an interview. This first step through applying and being recruited give the team members a clear perception about their roles and the responsibilities that are expected from them. The second step whereby the team members get acquainted to their roles is through an acceptance offer, a contract. Through a contract, the employer, through the Human Resource department, get to elaborate in writing about the roles and responsibilities of the employee. This contract is dully signed and returned to the Human Resource department as an agreement and acceptance of the roles and responsibilities required. The contract or acceptance letter has descriptive information: The dynamics of the workplace The role description in accordance to the mission and the values The collective agreement under the fair work act The hours or work, the flexibility of work and the remuneration The position description and title The allowances The superannuation The leave entitlements The period of probation/ engagement The commitment to performance review The policies and procedures The employee conduct; professional behaviour and attitude Variation to the terms of employment Confidentiality of the workplace The property of the employer The third step whereby the employee gets acquainted to the expected roles and responsibilities is through an induction of the workplace. An orientation or supernumerary time allows them to understand the dynamics of their department and the goal of the operational plan. Performance Criteria: Develop and implement strategies to ensure that physical resources and services are acquired in accordance with the organisations policies, practices and procedures Activity 2.2.1 Provide several examples of the type of strategies which might be required to ensure specific resource needs policies, procedures and practices? Strategies are in place to ensure physical resources and services are gained in accordance with the organisations policies, practices and procedures. These are: Supplier relationship; a good framework to strengthen important relationships. Being able to understand, analyse and focus on suppliers relationships help to be productive, efficient and compete in the market. It is important to identify how the supplier has an impact on monetary outcomes. Points to be considered are; what the suppliers are looking in the relationship, the way the supplier is used by the organisation and how it affects the organisations relationships with other suppliers. Purchasing; the supplier is the expert on the product and hence knowledge can be used from them for decision making processes and increasing performance. Choices are between purchasing internally or externally. Transport; cost effective strategies to save on storing, delivering and suppling the goods. The operations strategies can be sought from the supplier to handle and improve key relationships Networking; available contacts and resources that can be relied on to either get information or improve productivity. Relationship costs; surviving the impact of globalisation. It is important to minimise the procurement costs such as transport and customer service. The relationship benefits; what the organisation needs, the cost it incurs for these needs e.g. equipments, labour and cost of the products and services determine the benefits for the organisation. Obviously, a low operational, production and administration cost is more favorable and incurs less expenses. Revenue is then higher and can in return meet the demands of the customers. Clear communication; clear and concise. This helps to make sure the supplier and the organisation both knows what is expected and they can both work towards the same goal. Honesty; a reliable team. This favours good managerial relationship and each party is then accountable to fulfill their duties and promises, in turn enhancing the relationship. Practices and procedures are also taken into account in order to incorporate The culture of the organisation The guidelines of the organisation which determines operational functions such as human and physical resources Operating procedures and policies Undocumented practices in line with the operations Clear purchase orders to prove reliability and efficiency. Performance Criteria: Recognise and incorporate requirements for intellectual property rights and responsibilities in recruitment and acquisition of resources and services Activity 2.3.1 Requirements and responsibilities for intellectual property rights is an important part of the business environment, an organisations are wise to take steps to protect their own intellectual property, and also to honour the intellectual property rights of organisations from whom they have acquired relevant resources. When acquiring resources and services, it is important to acquaint to the intellectual propertys rights and responsibilities. Non-compliance to the later may result in legal consequences. For instance, material obtained from the internet may involve serious copyright issues. These unlawful accesses involve breaching the intellectual property of the involved organisation. Intellectual property is usually protected by many policies, procedures to reinforce the rights of acquisition. Policies, procedures and information include licensing agreements, information to ensure copyright protection, licensing agreements, procedures to register intellectual property rights or assets. Many organisations have policy in place to govern and manage ownership of intellectual property in an effective, efficient and ethical manner. These policies may include an explanation of any terminology relating to the property, mention of the relevant legislation, the types of intellectual property, disclosure of the property, information about marketing, commercialisation or licensing of the intellectual property and information if infringement happens. Another way of protecting intellectual properties is by licensing agreements for instance, a licensing document. These are devised to allow the owner to agree to terms and conditions and the other party to comply with the agreement. The ownership is thus maintained and it is beneficial for both parties. A license can cover product development, the manufacture, the marketing and the sales. Another form of licensing is franchising whereby distribution of goods and services occur with agreed terms between the owner of the intellectual property and the party paying to access the rights over the intellectual properties. Copyright is another way of protecting intellectual property to maintain the initial creativity of an idea or concept, be it on paper or electronically. A copyright notice clarifies the ownership of the intellectual property restricting its reproduction without permission. Trade marks can also be used to protect intellectual property. Prior to applying for registrations, online database needs to be scrutinised to make sure there is no similar product. Once cleared, the trade mark is then published in the Official Journal of Trade Marks whereby opponents may dispute its originality. If no oppositions are made, the application will go forward. There are several ways to register intellectual property assets. For instance, designs can be registered through the Australia Official Journal of Designs, Patents through the Australian Official Journal of Patents; Trademarks through the Australian Official Journal of Trademarks and Plant breeders through the Official Journal of plant breeders rights. Performance Criteria: Develop, monitor and review performance systems and processes to assess progress in achieving profit and productivity plans and targets Activity 3.1.1 How can you monitor and review the outcomes and achievements of operational plan against intended benchmarks and KPIs? There are several ways of monitoring and reviewing the outcomes and achievements of operational plans against benchmarks and KPIs. These are Quality assessment; gathering collective data to measure and analyse performance such as   observing service delivery, focusing on client method, auditing individual records, reviewing the data from an information system, testing a group, health worker interview, patient interview. Devising a quality monitoring system; data and design monitoring tools. This is in order to see the trend in indicators and monitor progress. Data are also used to identify any problems in the system that may be the result of poor performance. Three ways data are used; placing them in tabs, analysing them and interpreting them. This is later used in managerial decisions. External evaluation; process by which an external body provide feedback about an organisation performance. This can be done via an audit of in health care; accreditation. Certification is then required to acknowledge the competence and legal requirements of a group or organisation. Performance appraisals; a way for the management and HR department to provide feedbacks about the performance of their employee. This is instantaneously undertaken whereby the real time reports are given to employee about their performance. Managers are able to assess if their employees have been competent in undertaking tasks or organisational requirements. This is a systematic approach to evaluate the standard of an employee and also help to determine any increase in pay or promotions. It also helps to identify professional developments needs and set future goals to work towards better productivity. Process appraisal; a way to assess the functional and operational resources. This is to identify the equipment that are failing or need improvements, the tasks that are time consuming and the risk and hazards of the workplace. For quality improvement and to enhance productivity, these resources are maintained on a regular basis to make sure it wont slow down the line of productivity. Cost and variations in the process of maintenance is also evaluated to assess how these factors   are significant in order to   achieve quality improvement. Performance Criteria: Analyse and interpret budget and actual financial information to monitor and review profit and productivity performance Activity 3.2.1 What role do you or would you play in the development of a budget for an operational your organisation or area of activity, and who has final approval of this budget? Once the budget is approved, it is important to keep all the financial decisions and information involved such as the: Budget; all the expenses incurred The ratio analysis The forecast about the future expenses The cash flow statements The profit and loss statement The balance sheets of crediting and debiting cash The investments and liability reports. There are several factors that may affect the budget and so, it is important to keep a record of these factors and variations such as the changes to legislative requirements and innovations. To be financially aware will help guard any unforeseen circumstances. Financial reports help to justify profit or loss statement that will show the trend in productivity or fraudulent transactions. Performance Criteria: Identify areas of under-performance, recommend solutions and take prompt action to rectify the situation Activity 3.3.1 What strategies could you use to ensure team members are clear about their roles and responsibilities and to address under-performance issues? To ensure team members are clear about their roles and responsibilities, it is often useful to methodically raise questions that will help them to evaluate possible issues and devise solutions themselves. This is done by action learning. It helps a team to conduct a project with continuous improvements, assistance where needed and ongoing feedbacks.   The team will have a definition of the actual issue and appropriate awareness and solutions. This helps to understand organisational change and understand throughout a work group culture. It brings along new ideas and skills beneficial for the organisation. The team develops values such as openness, trust, collaboration, team spirit and cultural diversity and respect. Action learning highlights that mistakes do occur and helps the team to tolerate and action them. Likewise, action learning can be used to identify under-performance issues. An effective and quick strategy is to make sure that any changes do not deviate from the actual operational and strategic plan. Action learning helps to identify and recognise these changes with appropriate solutions. However, problems do not always arise from the process. There are many external factors that may interrupt the dynamics of action learning such as attitude, conflicted understanding or another group with performance issues. Performance Criteria: Plan and implement systems to ensure that mentoring and coaching are provided to support individuals and teams to effectively, economically and safely use resources Activity 3.4.1 What strategies do you or could you use to implement systems which ensure that mentoring and coaching are provided to team members in a safe, productive and economical manner? External parties to coach staff may be time consuming and expensive. Sometimes, it is best to allocate a mentor in order to save on cost and time. The mentor may need to perform a skill gap analysis to spot any gaps in performance, devise and demonstrate the desired expectations of performance to meet goals and eliminate any gaps. In order to be productive, mentors need to focus on their team and support each individuals growth. The manager needs to also identify whether the problem comes from the unawareness of the team regarding the goals or whether it is from a specific individual performance. If the issue comes from performance, coaches should be used to teach the group. On the other hand, if the issue is from a behavioural standard such as lack of confidence, then a mentor must be allocated to cater the specific individual need to improve his performance. This is safe and productive as mentors have specific targets to improve the success and performance of an individual and coac hes deliver skills to tackle tasks, challenges and works expectations. Both coaches and mentors are usually selected from members within the organisation. This is because they already understand the dynamics of the workplace and have the skills required to change performance challenges. It is important for both mentors and coaches to provide ongoing feedback and support the staff members. Coaches are normally leaders that need to use their authority to make sure all workers comply with the expected standard of performance. Their coaching is rather task related and will expect the individual to perform at the required level to improve their knowledge, skills and abilities to perform a task. Performance Criteria: Negotiate recommendations for variations to operational plans and gain approval from designated persons/groups Activity 3.5.1 From what stakeholders within your organisation or area of activity would you need to gain agreement and or endorsement from for variations to operational plans? Prior to gaining agreement or endorsement for operational plans, it is important to consult the following team for approval The policy and procedure committee depending on its relevance Standards committee in association with the topic that is involved The workplace healthy and safety manager and advisor to maintain a safe environment while undertaking these variations in the operational plan The board of executives for approval: CEO, coordinators, director of nursing and managers The staff of the designated department to make sure the operational plans is well understood prior to commencement Performance Criteria: Develop and implement systems to ensure that procedures and records associated with documenting performance are managed in accordance with organisational requirements Activity 3.6.1 What sort of records an information are required for the operational plan for your organisation or area of activity? Documentation is the main form of records in our organisation. In the healthcare industry, it is important to maintain ongoing documentation. This applies in the human resource sector, the billing sector, the booking sector, the nursing department and others. Records of the improvement processes help to measure performance and also innovation. Documentation such as operational plans, strategic goals, contingency plans, job advertisement, quality improvements, staff appraisals, leaves approval and the care of patients are highly recommended. For every step, there are specific forms designated to assist the organisation in keep records. Once completed with the approval, these forms are kept as per the policy of the organisation and filed away. For instance, any medical records go through a system of scanning and software storage for an indefinite period. This is safe with an optimum level of security   which is electronically verified.   Future generations can access these document s anytime and some data may be important not only for improvements but raising awareness of previous mistakes, so history doesnt get repeated.

Sport Psychology Essay -- Papers

Sport Psychology In earlier days sports psychology was mostly concerned with developing assessment methods that would identify those people with the potential to become serious superior athletes. Today the focus is on psychological training, exercises that strengthen the mental skills that will help athletic performances on the path to excellence. These skills include mental imagery and focus training. If an athlete is serious about becoming the best he or she can possibly be, the most essential ingredient is commitment to practice the right things. It takes incredible commitment to reach the top: a commitment to rest and train the body so it can perform under the most demanding conditions and a commitment to train the mind to focus totally on executing your best performance skills under the most stressful circumstances. (Tutko,T 1976 pg.5) To excel in a sport is a contest with yourself, to call upon the natural abilities within you own mind and body. Each person begins at a different location menta lly, physically and with respect to the support we are given. An athlete quest for personal excellence requires the most of what you have- whatever that may be. Mental Imagery "Your images lead your reality" One of the best practice fields for peak performance is the mind. Many athletes use mental imagery for quick rehearsal before an event: A diver, for instance, might perform a double somersault with a half twist one final time in his mind as he readies himself on the board. Mental imagery can also help people prepare for possible hazards. A squash player might run through a difficult back court return in his or her mind to rehearse the various options that might be necessary in case of a delayed reaction. Psychologists s... ...equence, from mind (mental imagery) to body, from target to performance. Each step eliminates nonessentials so that the single focus or vision can fully absorb the performer's awareness. (Barrington.J,1987.61.53) Developing an ability to directly focus on critical performance cues and hold it there until the body is free to follow the visions of the mind is crucial to high level performance. The principles of sport psychology are helping athletes succeed far beyond just body strength but past their mind barriers. An achievement that can only be attained with dedication and a will to let your mind explore the all possibilities no matter how extravagant. Thanks to the extensive coverage of psychological training, the sports enthusiast can understand the need for an benefits of sport psychology. Bibliography: Tutko,T 1976 Barrington, J.1987

Robert Frosts Love and a Question :: Love and a Question

Robert Frost's Love and a Question Robert Frost's poetry has a confortable and familiar nature at first glance, but this author is known for dealing with human tragedies and fears often in a symbolic manner. He uses poetry to express his reaction to the complexities of life and his acceptance of his burdens. Although his work is rooted in New England region, he is a far reaching poet who's work spans metaphysical and psychological topics. One can often notice these under the surface of minute details that are characteristic of most of his work. In Love and a Question, a stranger inquires about shelter for the night in the bridal house. The bridegroom is the one that has to make the decision whether or not he should be allowed inside. One reason why he would not want him inside is because this is somewhat of a honeymoon stay. The bride's face was "rose-red with the glowing coal and the thought of the heart's desire." At the beginning of the fourth stanza, he must make the decision whether to let this man in or continue the night of pleasure with his wife. Normally, the bridegroom is apathetic towards the rich and the poor, but as he "looked at the weary road," he placed himself in the shoes of that stranger. He tries to imagine how dificult it must be for this man to live without a home, especially tonight, when winter was in the wind. He stares back at himself, and how fortunate he is to have wedded such a woman. He "wished her heart in a case of gold and pinned with a silver pin." This means tha t he respects and loves her very deeply. He realizes that you don't know what you have until you lose it. He feels sudden sympathy with this deprived stranger, and wants to help him in some manner. Another interpretation is as follows. The groom's enigma could be that he is not certain whether he did the right thing by marrying. The stranger would then be symbolic of his feelings towards his wife, and the weary road ahead, without a window light, in the winter wind, could represent their life as he viewed it.

Shame and Learning in Platos Apology Essay -- Philosophy Philosophica

Shame and Learning in Plato's Apology ABSTRACT: In the Apology, Socrates proves to be the master teacher (1) of Athens in the way that he invites the city to overcome its "cognitive shame." Psychologist and teacher Paul Shane contends that much of the learning process begins in shame. (2) Shane defines shame in this way: Shame is the feeling of being exposed and wanting to hide one's nakedness. It is related to ego-ideal. One has a conception of self, an image of what one can be, and the feeling of shame is experienced in not having achieved a desired and attainable goal, in lacking something, in being inadequate. Rather than being a function of not having lived up to the standards of another, it is having failed or disappointed oneself. Shane holds that shame is an element in the learning process because the individual does not want to be in a position of having his or her ignorance exposed. In this way, "cognitive shame" spurs on the student's desire ". . . to explore and acquire, to master and become competent." (3) If an important element in the learning process of the pupil is her need to overcome this shame of not knowing then it seems that she is in a very awkward position, in fact an intolerable position! On the one hand her shame at not knowing is the spur that drives her on to want to transcend her limitations and the feelings of inadequacy, of ignorance that threaten her. On the other hand, the only way she can overcome her state of ignorance and free herself from the shame that threatens her is by revealing her ignorance and thereby making herself vulnerable to the very feelings of shame that will attend this disclosure. Shane implicitly points to this dilemma in his discussion of the questionable structu ... ...ely, a certain degree of irony here but Socrates' fundamental orientation as the sort of teacher who is at the same time a learner is to be taken very seriously. Socrates, in fact, breaks down the distinction between teacher and pupil by making the learning process a collaborative one. (2) Paul Shane, Ph.D., "Shame and Learning," American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 50 (2), April 1980. (3) Shane, 352. (4) Shane, 350-351. (5) Shane, 352. (6) Shane, 352. (7) The verb, here, dokounton, is slightly ambiguous. It can mean, one of those who seem or appear to be wise or one of those who have a reputation for being wise. (8) This, I take it, is the grounds of his hesitation and difficulty, namely, that he is challenging the god's utterance. (9) He appears to be someone involved in the political affairs of the city from Apology 21c4, tis ton politikon.

Leadership Behavior and Conflict Management in Small Groups Essay

Small groups of people with common interests often come together to exchange information, collaborate and cooperate in the pursuit of a shared goal. These members have the time and space to meet and share ideas through interaction and participation. When such groups face tough and insurmountable problems it helps to have a visionary leader to help them cooperate and work together as a team (Forsyth, 2006). The study of small groups helps us to understand basic human behavior and how leaders transform groups and resolve conflicts (Hare, 1965). According to Forsyth, Donelson â€Å"Leadership is the process by which an individual guides others in their pursuits, often by organizing, directing, coordinating, supporting and motivating their efforts†. The process of leadership has evolved basically from the need to be organized. We observe similar qualities in the flock of birds that fly across the sky and among the herd of elephants deep in the jungles. But with humans, leadership processes have become as varied and complex as the many research studies that have been conducted. The leadership process is reciprocal, when it is mutually influences the leader and the follower, transactional when both the leaders and followers work together for common goals, transformational when leaders are able to inspire their followers into doing their best, cooperative when members select their leader voluntarily, adaptive when members are motivated to achieving group goals, task oriented when the leader focuses all the activities of the followers towards the achievement of group goals and relationship oriented when the focus is on the interpersonal relationship between group members. (Forsyth, 2006). While leadership processes are varied, the qualities found in leaders are also equally diverse. Though inborn personality traits are helpful in small group settings like being sociable, outgoing and expressive most leadership traits are acquired (Barrick &Mount 1991). Normally leaders tend to be more intelligent than their followers in small groups. But most groups find it difficult to handle leaders with very high intellectual abilities (C. A. Gibb, 1969). On the other hand it is very helpful if a leader is endowed with emotional intelligence and the ability to be flexible to suit the demands of a particular situation (Kenny &Zaccaro, 1983). Research studies have also shown that followers place undue importance to leaders who speak a lot more than necessary, as compared to leaders who are men of few words (Sorrentino & Boutillier, 1975). The intriguing phenomenon of effective leadership has given rise to varying theories. Each of them has their related leadership training program as well. According to Fiedler’s Contingency Theory, a leader’s effectiveness depends on the way he relates to hi followers and in his ability to control situations. Here he specified three factors that influenced the leader’s control; the cohesiveness of the group, the concentration of power in the hands of the leader and whether group goals were structured or not. Using the Least Preferred Worker Scale (LPC), he rated people who were relationship oriented high and those who were task oriented low on the LPC score. The Octants based on this show that the task oriented leaders are effective when situations are highly favorable and unfavorable and relationship oriented leaders are effective in moderate situations (Forsyth, 2006). Fiedler has taken into consideration the good and the bad leader-member relations, the structured and unstructured goals. But groups goals are sometimes partly structured, leaders have average power and there exists fair leader- member relations. This middle range seems more possible and plausible while considering small group situations. In Robert Blake and Jane Mouton’s The Leadership Grid the focus, is again on task and relationship orientation, and they have come up with five different styles of leadership. In the ‘apathetic’ approach the leader has no interest in either achieving goals or improving group relations. The ‘country club’ approach as the name suggests adopts a friendly working atmosphere. While the ‘middle road approach’ has a leader who balances the work done and maintains the morale of the people; the ‘task master’ gets the work done and is less concerned about the feelings of the group members. The ‘team work approach’, is considered the best as its members are committed to their goal and share a feeling of mutual trust and respect (Forsyth, 2006). The style of the leadership depends on the maturity of the group members according to the Situational Leadership Theory given by Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard. They emphasize that an effective leader should display four styles of leadership. An effective leader should ‘direct’ the group members when they are inexperienced, ‘coach’ them as their competence level increases, offer ‘support’ when they are moderately mature and ‘delegate’ tasks when they are committed (Forsyth, 2006). Though this approach doesn’t talk about task and relationship orientation it is feasible in small groups. The Leader Member Exchange (LMX) approach is based on how members respond to their leaders. If they value their leader there is a heightened level of efficiency, commitment and loyalty and they become a part of the privileged inner group. The others who do not respond positively form the outer group and continue to do their work. The key to the leader’s effectiveness depends on his capacity to bring all his followers within the inner group (Forsyth, 2006). The Lewin-Lippitt-White study focused on the control the leader had over his group and their level of participation. Under laboratory conditions they studied the effect of shared and unshared power in the context of small groups. Groups with an authoritarian leader reflected greater dependence and showed signs of more conflict, whereas under a democratic leader group members learnt to be more self reliant. The laissez-faire group was added later with a leader who rarely interfered and followers who learnt to make their own decisions. This group wasn’t as cohesive as the democratic style that emerged the best. The group with a democratic leader had the highest group oriented suggestions, more friendly behavior and less critical discontent (Forsyth, 2006). Since power was shared participants felt empowered to make meaningful decisions towards the achievement of a shared goal. This study in fact supports the concept of collective leadership as well. Craig L Pearce & Jay Conger (2003) studied the effectiveness of ‘shared leadership’ when the group was removed from a traditional organizational approach. They found that groups with collective leadership outperformed the leader oriented groups. They were also the most effective in small group situations. Bernard Bass (1997) presented the Theory of Transformational Leadership based on the charisma of the leader to transform his followers. Under the influence of an inspirational leader, group members unite to show increased efficiency in pursuing collective goals. A transformational leader tends to questions old beliefs and leads his followers along paths that are not chartered, setting new trends (Forsyth, 2006). With more emphasis placed on interpersonal relations these leaders are effective in both small and large groups. Being eloquent, a charismatic leader initiates dialogues on issues where differences of opinion arise. Such open minded brain storming sessions would bring about several solutions and the group might end up accepting a hybrid goal where the best ideas have been incorporated. This builds cohesiveness and improves cooperation within the group (Potter, 1996). The charismatic leaders have a reputation of integrity and their followers show a tendency to emulate them. (Eagly, Johannesen- Schmidt & Van Engen, 2003). But charismatic leaders are rare and even these exceptional leaders can get things wrong. Something that seems morally and ethically right for one person may not be so for another. Keeley, 1998). Another question that has fascinated researchers is whether men and women show different leadership behavior and do gender differences influence the process of leadership. Though historical evidence supports the fact that women have been underrepresented in leadership roles, research studies show that gender does not influence the effectiveness of a leader with both sexes displaying a balanced task and relationship orientation (Forsyth, 2006). Both men and women who hold similar positional and resource power show similarities in leadership behavior (Kanter, 1997). Women leaders show a tendency to be more agreeable, open, fair, responsible and increasingly involved in conflict management, whereas men are inclined towards power, influence and skill orientation (Forsyth, Schenker, Leary & McCown, 1985). Thus the sexes differ in the styles of leadership with women adopting transformational and participative approaches, while men are likely to exhibit authoritarian, laissez-faire and transactional styles (Eagly, Johannesen-Schmidt & Van Engen, 2003). Conflict management is a major challenge faced by leaders across the world. Conflict is a natural occurrence in competitive group situations. A disagreement over beliefs and actions can lead to a conflict if it is resisted. Through an interaction process analysis Robert Blake and his colleagues observed that group members spent one fifth of their time in making hostile comments. When task achievement became difficult, hostility increased and escalated into a conflict (Forsyth, 2006). The best method to manage conflict would be to have an open debate on the issue (Montana & Charnov, 2000), instead of ignoring or brushing aside conflicts, an effective leader should confront it head on (Davies, Burke, Calbom &Kindler, 1991). The current trend shows that leaders and followers are expected to be in contact 24/7 (Murphy & Riggio). It has in turn given rise to virtual offices, having virtual teams working out of their homes in different parts of the globe. . This increased dependence in information technology has given way to e-leadership (Avolio, Kahai & Dodge, 2000). In the future new leadership trends will be reinvented as business environments keep changing. Traditional power oriented organizations will give way to power sharing ones. Organizations will get decentralized, along with a cooperative use of resources (Forsyth, 2006). Competency then will depend on the leader’s vision of the future, intellectual capacity, strategic thinking, emotional strength and the ability to coordinate and develop human capital (Rivard, 2004). Together with team building and leadership, conflict resolution as a skill will have to be acquired by people interacting in small groups (Gregory &Parry, 2006). It will help them to lead the world that’s growing flatter.